hetairoi
Quick Summary
The term "hetairoi" refers to the elite Macedonian cavalry, also known as the Companion cavalry. This unit was considered the finest equestrian force in the ancient world.1
The hetairoi played a crucial role in Alexander the Great's military campaigns, particularly at the Battle of Gaugamela. They formed the striking force of the Macedonian army, designed to deliver decisive blows in battle.1
It is important to distinguish "hetairoi" from "hetaira," which was a class of independent courtesans in ancient Greece who were known for their intelligence and talents. The hetairoi were soldiers, not entertainers or courtesans.2
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Alexander the GreatCampaign eastward to Central AsiaThe Companion cavalry was reorganized in two sections, each containing four squadrons (now known as hipparchies); one group was commanded by Alexander’s oldest friend, Hephaestion, the other by Cleitus, an older man. From Phrada, Alexander pressed on during the winter of 330–329 up the valley of…
Read MoreThe Companion cavalry was reorganized in two sections, each containing four squadrons (now known as hipparchies); one group was commanded by Alexander’s oldest friend, Hephaestion, the other by Cleitus, an older man. From Phrada, Alexander pressed on during the winter of 330–329 up the valley of…
Read More- Alexander the GreatConsolidation of the empire
…of the empire into the Companion cavalry; whether Asians had previously served with the Companions is uncertain, but if so they must have formed separate squadrons. In addition, Persian nobles had been accepted into the royal cavalry bodyguard. Peucestas, the new governor of Persis, gave this policy full support to…
Read More…of the empire into the Companion cavalry; whether Asians had previously served with the Companions is uncertain, but if so they must have formed separate squadrons. In addition, Persian nobles had been accepted into the royal cavalry bodyguard. Peucestas, the new governor of Persis, gave this policy full support to…
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