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Hardwood refers to the wood from angiospermous trees, as opposed to coniferous trees. These trees are characterized by their broad leaves and typically produce dense, strong wood. Hardwood is a versatile material used extensively in furniture making, construction, and various other products.12345

Hardwood is distinguished by its cellular structure, which includes vessel elements and fibers, primarily responsible for water conduction and mechanical support. The grading of hardwood lumber differs from softwoods, focusing on the usable clear pieces within a board, assuming it will be cut into smaller components for manufacturing.234

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