Genocide: References & Edit History
More Articles On This Topic
- ArmeniaArmenia and Europe
- Bosnia and HerzegovinaBosnia and Herzegovina in the Yugoslav kingdom
- BurundiThe First and Second republics
- Cambodian genocideGenocide classification
- crime against humanity
- ethnic cleansing
- Israel-Hamas WarGlobal reaction to the war
- German-Herero conflict of 1904–07
- German-Herero conflict of 1904–07Aftermath
- Adolf HitlerWorld War II
- 20th-century international relationsThe German economy and the Jews
- human rightsHuman rights in the United Nations
- International Criminal Court
- international lawThe responsibility of states
- international criminal lawCategories of international crime
- Southern AfricaGermans in South West Africa
- Omar al-BashirConflict in Darfur and ICC charges
- UkraineUkraine on the path to independence
- war crimeThe Nürnberg and Tokyo trials
- What’s the difference between a war crime, a crime against humanity, and genocide?What is genocide?
Additional Reading
The historical and sociological roots of genocide, the strengths and weaknesses of different typologies of genocide, and the implications for current and future international action are discussed in George J. Andreopoulos (ed.), Genocide: Conceptual and Historical Dimensions (1994); Frank Chalk and Kurt Jonassohn, The History and Sociology of Genocide: Analyses and Case Studies (1990); Isidor Wallimann and Michael N. Dobkowski (eds.), Genocide and the Modern Age: Etiology and Case Studies of Mass Death (1987); and Leo Kuper, Genocide (1981). Human moral and political culpability is the subject of Daniel Jonah Goldhagen, Worse Than War: Genocide, Eliminationism, and the Ongoing Assault on Humanity (2009). The evolution of international humanitarian law, especially the promising post-Cold War developments, is covered in Theodor Meron, War Crimes Law Comes of Age: Essays (1998). Samantha Power, A Problem from Hell: America and the Age of Genocide (2002), discusses the consistent refusal of the United States and other major powers to take effective action to suppress genocide. The Rwandan genocide is examined in Gerard Prunier, The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide (1995, reprinted 1998).
Article Contributors
Primary Contributors
- George J. Andreopoulos
-
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.
Other Contributors
- Alexzandra Dow
Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors
Article History
| Type | Description | Contributor | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Article title updated for style. | Nov 01, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: The National WWII Museum - Defining 'Genocide' After World War II. | Sep 25, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: Council on Foreign Relations - Education - What is Genocide? | Jul 27, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Genocide: on the edge of an act called mass murder. | Jun 06, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: Facing History and Ourselves - What Is Genocide? | Feb 16, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: Open Library Publishing Platform - On Death and Dying (Original) - Learn About Genocides. | Jan 02, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: Princeton University - Encyclopedia Princetoniensis - Genocide. | Nov 24, 2025 | ||
| Article revised. | Sep 17, 2025 | ||
| Article updated. | Sep 16, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: Digital Commons at URI - Genocide: A Humanities Prospective (PDF). | Aug 02, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: BBC - How do you define genocide? | Apr 21, 2025 | ||
| Link added. | Feb 20, 2025 | ||
| Link added. | Feb 19, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: Loyola University Chicago - School of Law Research - LAW eCommons - Expanding Past Genocide, Crimes Against Humanity, and War Crimes: Can an ICC Policy Paper Expand the Court's Mandate to Prosecuting Environmental Crimes? (PDF). | Jan 30, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: Academia - Genocide and Denial (PDF). | Dec 16, 2024 | ||
| Links added. | Jul 18, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: United States Institute of Peace - Genocide, Crimes against Humanity, and War Crimes. | Jun 27, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: University of Hawai�i - Genocide. | Apr 16, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: LiveScience - What is genocide? | Apr 03, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: Globalsecurity.org - Genocide. | Sep 20, 2022 | ||
| Add new Web site: CNN - Genocide Fast Facts. | Mar 28, 2022 | ||
| Article revised and updated. | Jan 14, 2020 | ||
| Replaced media. | Dec 19, 2019 | ||
| Add new Web site: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum - Holocaust Encyclopedia - What is Genocide? | Mar 08, 2019 | ||
| Corrected display issue. | Sep 28, 2018 | ||
| Add new Web site: PetMD - Maine Coon. | Feb 19, 2014 | ||
| Add new Web site: Cornell University - Legal Information Institute - Genocide. | Feb 19, 2014 | ||
| Add new Web site: Holocaust Museum Houston - What Is Genocide? | Feb 19, 2014 | ||
| In the discussion of Nazi Germany, changed "extermination of Jews" to "nearly complete extermination of European Jews." |
|
Jul 25, 2013 | |
| Add new Web site: A-Z Animals - Maine Coon. | Feb 08, 2013 | ||
| Mention of Daniel Jonah Goldhagen's Worse Than War added. | Nov 05, 2009 | ||
| Added new Web site: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. | Aug 04, 2006 | ||
| Added new Web site: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. | Aug 04, 2006 | ||
| Added new Web site: The History Place - Genocide in the 20th Century. | May 23, 2006 | ||
| Added new Web site: The History Place - Genocide in the 20th Century. | May 16, 2006 | ||
| Article replaced and expanded. | Apr 04, 2006 | ||
| Article revised. | Mar 16, 2006 | ||
| Article revised. | Feb 12, 2004 | ||
| Article added to new online database. | Jul 20, 1998 |