genin

The term "genin" refers to a low-ranking individual in Japanese society, essentially a household servant with no land rights. This status emerged within the feudal system, particularly during the Kamakura period (1192–1333). Genin were distinct from other peasant statuses, such as myōshu (prominent farmers with taxable fields).1

In contrast, the chōnin were a class of townsmen, primarily merchants, artisans, and craftsmen, who rose to prominence during the Tokugawa period (1603–1867). Despite facing restrictions, the chōnin prospered, often lending money to the indebted samurai and peasant classes. This class developed a distinct culture, contributing to advancements in arts and sciences, but they remained dependent on government sponsorship until the Meiji Restoration.2