general court-martial
Quick Summary
A court-martial is a military court used to hear charges against members of the armed forces. Historically, soldiers were subject to their commanders' will, but modern military law, originating from the British Mutiny Act of 1689, established a judicial process. Most countries have separate military justice codes, often with civilian appellate review.
A general court-martial, convened by high-ranking officers, can try any offense and impose any penalty. Special courts-martial have more limited sentencing power. These courts are typically convened ad hoc to address specific cases, with officers chosen by the convening authority to determine guilt and impose sentences.1
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