gay rights movement: References & Edit History
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Additional Reading
Barry D. Adam, The Rise of a Gay and Lesbian Movement, rev ed. (1997), examines the origins of conditions gays and lesbians faced beginning in the medieval world and continuing into the post-Stonewall era. John DāEmilio, Sexual Politics, Sexual Communities: The Making of a Homosexual Minority in the United States (1983), focuses on the period before the Stonewall riots. Eric Marcus, Making Gay History: The Half-century Fight for Gay and Lesbian Rights (2002), covers the period since 1950. Dudley Clennen and Adam Nagourney, Out for Good: The Struggle to Build a Gay Rights Movement in America (1999), examines the period from Stonewall to 1987. Margaret Cruikshank, The Gay and Lesbian Liberation Movement (1992), analyzes the successes and failures of modern activism. Craig A. Rimmerman, The Lesbian and Gay Movements: Assimilation or Liberation? (2008), reviews different strategies of the gay rights movement. Neil Miller, Out of the Past: Gay and Lesbian History from 1869 to the Present (1995), is a popular history of gay rights around the world.
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Michael Levy
Michael Levy was political science editor (2000-06), executive editor (2006-11), editor of Britannica Blog (2010-11), and director of product content & curriculum (2011-12) at Encyclopaedia Britannica. He subsequently became director of content for Elevate, a brain-training app for mobile devices.
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- Kenneth Karpinski
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Article History
| Type | Description | Contributor | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Article updated; Top Questions added | Jun 23, 2026 | ||
| Modified link of Web site: ABC listen - Late Night Live - 40 years of Gay Liberation. | May 11, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: ABC listen - Late Night Live - 40 years of Gay Liberation. | Feb 16, 2026 | ||
| Added a cross-reference. | Apr 14, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: NPR - Racial Divisions Challenge Gay Rights Movement. | Mar 17, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: American Psychological Association - A Brief History of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Social Movements. | Feb 12, 2025 | ||
| Media added. | Nov 20, 2024 | ||
| Media added. | Jun 03, 2024 | ||
| Media added. | May 28, 2024 | ||
| Media added. | Mar 16, 2023 | ||
| In the discussion on U.S. politics, added Lori Lightfoot and Pete Buttigieg. | Feb 27, 2023 | ||
| Article revised to add mentions of bisexuality and the LGBTQ community and to clarify the article's use of āgay.ā | May 26, 2022 | ||
| Add new Web site: PBS - American Experience - Milestones in the American Gay Rights Movement. | Oct 31, 2021 | ||
| Article updated to mention the repeal of āDon't Ask, Don't Tellā and the U.S. Supreme Court's decisions in Obergefell v. Hodges and Bostock v. Clayton County, Georgia. | Jun 15, 2020 | ||
| Changed "transgendered" to "transgender." | Jul 17, 2015 | ||
| Noted that Tammy Baldwin became the first openly gay politician to be elected to the U.S. Senate. Mentioned Elio Di Rupo as the second openly gay head of government. | Sep 16, 2013 | ||
| Los Angeles added as location of the Mattachine Society's founding. |
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Sep 16, 2013 | |
| Add new Web site: Fact Monster - Society - Gay Rights Movement. | Jul 12, 2011 | ||
| Annise Parker's election as mayor of Houston in December 2009 added. | Dec 14, 2009 | ||
| Added several images, including those of the Stonewall Inn, famous gay and lesbian leaders, gay pride celebrations, and demonstrations. | Jun 15, 2009 | ||
| Added new Web site: University of Wisconsin Digital Collections - The Gay Peoples Union Collection. | Jun 08, 2009 | ||
| Added new Web site: University of Wisconsin Digital Collections - The Gay Peoples Union Collection. | Jun 08, 2009 | ||
| Added several additional works, including The Lesbian and Gay Movements: Assimilation or Liberation? and Out for Good: The Struggle to Build a Gay Rights Movement in America. | Jun 05, 2009 | ||
| Article expanded to include information on pre-20th century laws and greater detail on 20th-century organizations and political leaders. | May 07, 2009 | ||
| Article revised and updated. | Jan 23, 2008 | ||
| Article revised. | May 17, 2002 | ||
| Article added to new online database. | Jul 20, 1998 |