frigium

The Phrygian cap is a soft, conical headdress that fits closely to the head, with a pointed crown that curls forward. Originating in ancient Phrygia, a region in Anatolia, it was depicted in ancient Greek art as a common headdress for people from Phrygia and surrounding eastern regions.1

The Phrygian cap became an emblem of liberty during the French Revolution, possibly due to a resemblance to the pileus, a cap worn by freed Roman slaves. Revolutionaries adopted it as the "red cap of liberty" and it remains associated with the allegorical figure of Liberté. It is also identified in modern art with the liberty cap.12