federal court system

The U.S. federal court system, established by the Judiciary Act of 1789, is a three-tiered structure comprising district courts, circuit courts, and the Supreme Court. Congress determines the organization and size of the federal judiciary. The Supreme Court, with nine justices since 1869, hears appeals from lower federal courts and state courts on federal questions. Federal courts handle cases involving federal law, disputes between states, and cases where citizens of different states are involved. A crucial function of U.S. courts, as established in Marbury v. Madison, is judicial review, allowing them to determine the constitutionality of laws.12345