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The term exilarch refers to a hereditary ruler of Jewish communities in Babylon from approximately the 3rd to the 10th centuries CE. These leaders held both civil and judicial authority over the Jewish exiles. Jews in various countries paid tribute to the exilarchs. The office or territory ruled by an exilarch is known as the exilarchate. The title is a translation of the Aramaic phrase rēsh gālūtā, meaning "head of the exile".12

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