direct initiative

The term "direct initiative" refers to a political process where a proposed measure is submitted directly to voters for approval, distinguishing it from an "indirect initiative". This is a form of direct democracy, where citizens participate directly in decision-making rather than through elected representatives.12

In direct democracy, citizens can vote on issues through mechanisms like referenda and initiatives. While direct democracy can encompass a full system of political institutions, it often exists as specific decision-making bodies within a representative democracy. Historically, direct democracy is associated with ancient Greek city-states like Athens, and in modern times, it is seen in Swiss cantons and some U.S. states.2

A related concept is a direct public offering (DPO), or direct listing, which is a simpler way for a company to sell shares to the public on a stock exchange without the extensive steps of an initial public offering (IPO).3