curse

The term "magic" is often defined by Western cultural assumptions, and its meaning has evolved over time and across cultures. In many non-Western societies, practices that might be labeled as magic are deeply integrated into religious and philosophical systems, rather than being seen as separate from them.1

A "curse" is a spoken invocation or prayer intended to bring harm or injury to someone. It can also refer to profane language or an expression of strong displeasure. In a broader sense, a curse can be a source of great harm or misfortune. Spells, which are words uttered with magical intent, are believed to unleash supernatural power when recited correctly, sometimes with accompanying gestures. The efficacy of spells, blessings, and curses is often tied to the inherent power of the words themselves or to supernatural beings.234