continentalism

Continentalism, in the context of United States-Canadian history, refers to the close economic and political relationship between the two nations. Following World War II, Canada's foreign relations shifted from Great Britain to the United States, leading to increased interdependence. This relationship, while fostering economic development, also presented challenges to Canadian sovereignty, as the U.S. sought access to Canada's natural resources.

Key aspects include:
* Economic Integration: The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), established in 1994, eliminated most trade barriers between Canada, the U.S., and Mexico, creating a significant free-trade bloc.
* Resource Development: Canada's vast natural resources have been a significant factor in its trade with the U.S., with the U.S. increasingly relying on these resources.
* Defense Cooperation: The Permanent Joint Board on Defense, created in 1940, marked the beginning of coordinated defense planning between Canada and the U.S.1

Despite close ties, strains have emerged, such as Canada's refusal to support the U.S. in the Iraq War.1