commune
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SwitzerlandRural communitiesā¦impetus to the formation of communes and of the early Alpine cooperatives.
Read Moreā¦impetus to the formation of communes and of the early Alpine cooperatives.
Read More- SwitzerlandCantonal and local government
ā¦Confederation consists of some 3,000 communes, which are responsible for public utilities and roads and, like the cantons, are largely autonomous. Communes range in size from Bagnes in Valais, with an area of 109 square miles (282 square km), to Ponte Tresa in Ticino, with an area of 0.1 squareā¦
Read Moreā¦Confederation consists of some 3,000 communes, which are responsible for public utilities and roads and, like the cantons, are largely autonomous. Communes range in size from Bagnes in Valais, with an area of 109 square miles (282 square km), to Ponte Tresa in Ticino, with an area of 0.1 squareā¦
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ItalyRegional and local governmentThe organs of the commune, the smallest local government unit, are the popularly elected communal council, the communal committee, or executive body, and the mayor. The communes have the power to levy and collect limited local taxes, and they have their own police, although their powers are much inferiorā¦
Read MoreThe organs of the commune, the smallest local government unit, are the popularly elected communal council, the communal committee, or executive body, and the mayor. The communes have the power to levy and collect limited local taxes, and they have their own police, although their powers are much inferiorā¦
Read More- ItalyThe arts and intellectual life
The communes took responsibility not only for the palazzi comunali, or city halls, and other communal buildings but also for the building, interior furbishing, and maintenance of their cathedrals and other principal churches (in these, sometimes specifically excluding any ecclesiastical participation in the work). In theā¦
Read MoreThe communes took responsibility not only for the palazzi comunali, or city halls, and other communal buildings but also for the building, interior furbishing, and maintenance of their cathedrals and other principal churches (in these, sometimes specifically excluding any ecclesiastical participation in the work). In theā¦
Read More - ItalyThe rise of communes
During the 12th century, communes, or city-states, developed throughout central and northern Italy. After early beginnings in cities such as Pisa and Genoa, virtually every episcopal city in the north formed a communal government prior to 1140. The origins and developments of communes areā¦
Read MoreDuring the 12th century, communes, or city-states, developed throughout central and northern Italy. After early beginnings in cities such as Pisa and Genoa, virtually every episcopal city in the north formed a communal government prior to 1140. The origins and developments of communes areā¦
Read More - ItalyThe factors shaping political factions
ā¦changing character and composition of communes often followed the fortunes of this struggle over rights. Increasingly, divisions between landowning magnates and popolo concealed the process of coalition making characteristic of early 13th-century urban politics. The regime of the podesta (which had its origins in imperial appointees), formed in the secondā¦
Read Moreā¦changing character and composition of communes often followed the fortunes of this struggle over rights. Increasingly, divisions between landowning magnates and popolo concealed the process of coalition making characteristic of early 13th-century urban politics. The regime of the podesta (which had its origins in imperial appointees), formed in the secondā¦
Read More - ItalyThe popolo and the formation of the signorie in central and northern Italy
ā¦there arose from the old communes a new form of government, that of the signoria. The communes of the 13th century had become increasingly dominated by the conflicts of the nobility who controlled their governments. These divisions, though often moved by the Guelf and Ghibelline parties, in fact largely reflectedā¦
Read Moreā¦there arose from the old communes a new form of government, that of the signoria. The communes of the 13th century had become increasingly dominated by the conflicts of the nobility who controlled their governments. These divisions, though often moved by the Guelf and Ghibelline parties, in fact largely reflectedā¦
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MilanFoundation and early growthā¦Milan constituted itself as a commune (comune), with permanent and autonomous governmental structures. In the resultant struggle for primacy among the cities of Lombardy, Milan became involved in a series of long battles against its less prosperous neighboursāPavia, Cremona, Como, and Lodi. In 1111 the Milanese razed Lodi, and, afterā¦
Read Moreā¦Milan constituted itself as a commune (comune), with permanent and autonomous governmental structures. In the resultant struggle for primacy among the cities of Lombardy, Milan became involved in a series of long battles against its less prosperous neighboursāPavia, Cremona, Como, and Lodi. In 1111 the Milanese razed Lodi, and, afterā¦
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RomeEmergence of the Roman communeA revolution in 1143 resulted in Romeās establishment as a commune, or self-governing city. The uprising had fundamentally the same goals as other contemporaneous communal movements in northern Italy: freedom from episcopal (in Romeās case, papal) authority and control of the surrounding countryside. Theā¦
Read MoreA revolution in 1143 resulted in Romeās establishment as a commune, or self-governing city. The uprising had fundamentally the same goals as other contemporaneous communal movements in northern Italy: freedom from episcopal (in Romeās case, papal) authority and control of the surrounding countryside. Theā¦
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