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A cognomen is a name, often a nickname or epithet, given to an individual in addition to or instead of their given name. In ancient Rome, it was the third part of a name, following the praenomen (given name) and nomen (family name), and often served as a hereditary surname. For example, "Cicero" was the cognomen of Marcus Tullius Cicero. The term can also refer to any word or phrase by which a person or thing is regularly known.123

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