ciphered numeral system

A ciphered numeral system assigns unique symbols to multiples of the base number, in addition to the base number itself and its powers. This allows for a more compact notation but requires memorizing many symbols.1

The earliest known ciphered system was the Egyptian hieratic numerals, which developed from hieroglyphic numerals. Later, the demotic system was also ciphered. Around the 3rd century BCE, the Greeks developed Ionic numerals, an alphabetic cipher system where letters represented numbers 1-9, 10-90, and 100-900. Thousands were often indicated by a bar. Other alphabetic ciphered systems include Hebrew, Syrian, and early Arabic numerals.1

The term "ciphering" can also refer to the act or process of performing mathematical operations.23