chivara

The term "chivara" refers to the robe worn by Buddhist monks. This robe is a significant outward symbol of the monastic community, known as the sangha. The practice of wearing robes, or "taking the robe," is synonymous with entering the sangha.12

The rules for robes are part of the vinaya, a code of discipline established by the Buddha. The chivara has historically symbolized ascetic humility, with early traditions involving robes made from "cast-off rags". This practice evolved into robes made from separate strips of cloth, often with a patchwork design, a tradition that continued in China and Japan.12

Monks are also permitted to receive robes or materials for them from the laity, an act believed to generate positive karmic effects. The chivara can be made from various materials, including linen, cotton, silk, wool, hemp, and canvas. There are three types of chivara: the inner robe (antaravasaka), the outer robe (uttarasanga), and the great robe or cloak (samghati). Buddhist robes are typically mixed colors, such as orange or brown, and are often referred to by the term kasaya.1