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Blood sacrifice is a religious rite that involves bloodshed. It is rooted in the recognition of blood as the sacred life force in both humans and animals. Through sacrifice, the divine life force is returned, sustaining the god and, consequently, humanity and nature.12

Blood offerings served various purposes, including earth fertility, purification, and expiation. Animals like goats, rams, bulls, oxen, and horses were common offerings in ancient Greece and India, while specific animals were stipulated in ancient Judaism. Human sacrifice, though less common, was also practiced with intentions ranging from communion with a god to expiation and promoting fertility. In some instances, human victims were replaced by animal substitutes or effigies.23

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