berdache: References & Edit History

Additional Reading

Books discussing the topic include Gilbert H. Herdt (ed.), Third Sex, Third Gender: Beyond Sexual Dimorphism in Culture and History (1994); Sue-Ellen Jacobs, Wesley Thomas, and Sabine Lang (eds.), Two-Spirit People: Native American Gender Identity, Sexuality, and Spirituality (1997); Serena Nanda, Gender Diversity: Crosscultural Variations, 2nd ed. (2014); Will Roscoe, Changing Ones: Third and Fourth Genders in Native North America (1998); Brian Joseph Gilley, Becoming Two-Spirit: Gay Identity and Social Acceptance in Indian Country (2006); and Sandra Slater and Fay A. Yarbrough (eds.), Gender and Sexuality in Indigenous North America, 1400–1850 (2011).

Article Contributors

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  • Kylan Mattias de Vries
  • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
    Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.

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Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Invalidated site: Spokane Falls Community College - Faculty & College-Related Websites - The Berdache Tradition. Sep 11, 2026
Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - TTime for the two-spirits: Shaping the inclusive policy environment for hispanics and transgenders through global health diplomacy. Jan 17, 2026
Add new Web site: Verywell Mind - What is the Two-Spirit Community? Oct 08, 2025
Add new Web site: Academia - The Berdache as Historical Reference (PDF). May 17, 2025
Add new Web site: The Guardian - The 'two-spirit' people of indigenous North Americans. Aug 21, 2024
Add new Web site: British Columbia/Yukon Open Authoring Platform - Gender: Reflections and Intersections - What Does ?Two-Spirit? Mean? May 31, 2024
Add new Web site: University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository - Self Determination of Identity: Two-Spirit Natives and FederalSelf Determination of Identity: Two-Spirit Natives and Federal Indian Law (PDF). Apr 02, 2024
Add new Web site: Universitas Indonesia - Scholars Hub - Two-Spirits and the Decolonization of Gender (PDF). Feb 19, 2024
Add new Web site: Bridgewater State University - Anthropologists and Two Spirit People: Building Bridges and Sharing Knowledge. Dec 29, 2023
Add new Web site: Spokane Falls Community College - Faculty & College-Related Websites - The Berdache Tradition. Oct 20, 2023
Add new Web site: Social Sciences LibreTexts - Two-Spirit. Aug 11, 2023
Description of The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents revised. Mar 24, 2021
Add new Web site: Encyclopedia of the Great Plains - Berdache. Nov 16, 2016
Add new Web site: Native Peoples Magazine - Two Spirit: The Story of a Movement Unfolds. Nov 16, 2016
Add new Web site: Encyclopedia of the Great Plains - Berdache. Nov 16, 2016
Add new Web site: Dancing to Eagle Spirit Society - The Way of the Two-Spirited People. Nov 16, 2016
Add new Web site: Dancing to Eagle Spirit Society - The Way of the Two-Spirited People. Nov 16, 2016
Add new Web site: Who Are the Two-Spirits? - Q & A with Will Roscoe. Nov 16, 2016
Add new Web site: Who Are the Two-Spirits? - Q & A with Will Roscoe. Nov 16, 2016
Add new Web site: Native Peoples Magazine - Two Spirit: The Story of a Movement Unfolds. Nov 16, 2016
New bibliography added. Aug 04, 2016
New article added. Aug 04, 2016
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