bao

…a court circular called a bao, or “report,” was issued to government officials. This gazette appeared in various forms and under various names more or less continually to the end of the Qing dynasty in 1911. The first regularly published newspapers appeared in German cities and in Antwerp about 1609.…

…same applied to the regular bao, or reports of court affairs, circulated among the educated civil servants of Beijing for more than a thousand years (618–1911 ce). The bao changed in format and title under the various dynasties, and technological change brought a shift from hand copying to printing from…