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Air toxics are specific substances present in the atmosphere in trace amounts that are considered hazardous. These pollutants can cause genetic mutations, cancer, and other health problems, including adverse effects on brain tissue and fetal development. While the total emissions of air toxics are smaller compared to other pollutants, they can pose immediate health risks.1

Most air toxics are organic chemicals, many of which are volatile organic compounds (VOCs). VOCs readily evaporate and are used in fuels, solvents, and plastics. Some VOCs also act as greenhouse gases, contributing to global warming. Other air toxics include metals like mercury, arsenic, and cadmium.1

Sources of air toxics include industrial processes, vehicle exhaust, burning fossil fuels, and accidental releases. Regulations exist in many countries to control industrial emissions of specific air toxics.1

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