Zimbabwe African National Union–Patriotic Front

…of Mugabe, who headed the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU). The two groups were joined in an uneasy alliance known as the Patriotic Front after 1976.

…to the formation of the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU). From its inception, ZANU aimed at armed struggle as the main thrust of national effort. Within a few months of its formation it began recruiting cadres for training in China and Ghana.

…two major liberation organizations, the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU), under Robert Mugabe, and the Zimbabwe African People’s Union (ZAPU), under Joshua Nkomo. With Frelimo’s military successes in northeastern Mozambique in 1971–72 and, more important, with the transformation of the power structure in the region after the independence of the…

…with ZAPU to join the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) and thereby split African support along ethnic lines—Nkomo retained the Ndebele ethnic minority (mostly in the Matabeleland region), while Mugabe garnered the Shona ethnic majority.

…and his ruling party, the Zimbabwe African National Union–Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF); this was done with the support of the ZCTU—formerly an ally of ZANU-PF. The nascent MDC soon demonstrated its influence: in a February 2000 nationwide referendum, the party helped garner the necessary support to defeat the government’s constitutional reform…