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Why do Jehovah’s Witnesses refuse military service?

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Three Jehovah's Witnesses stand beside literature carts, holding religious magazines, at the Star Ferry Pier under a blue sign for City Hall and MTR Station in Hong Kong. — Jehovah’s Witness Adherents of the Jehovah's Witness movement distributing literature about their faith in Hong Kong, China.

Jehovah’s Witnesses refuse military service based on their interpretation of biblical principles. Their teachings emphasize a strict separation from secular government and its activities, which includes a refusal to participate in military service, public elections, or the saluting of any national flag, as they view the latter as an act of false worship.1

Because of these convictions, Jehovah’s Witnesses are often classified as conscientious objectors, individuals who oppose bearing arms or participating in military training. This stance has historically led to significant challenges for the group, including persecution and imprisonment in various countries during times of war. While some nations, such as Sweden, have provided legal exemptions for Witnesses regarding compulsory service, the group continues to face scrutiny and legal difficulties in other regions due to their refusal to serve in the military.12