Why did feminist philosophers of education emphasize caring compassion and emotional development?

Feminist philosophers of education emphasize caring, compassion, and emotional development as a direct challenge to traditional educational theories, which they argue have historically prioritized a "masculine" focus on abstract reason, objectivity, and impartiality.1

By advocating for these values, these philosophers seek to broaden the scope of education beyond the public sphere—where competitive and rationalistic traits are often rewarded—to include the private sphere of home and family, where emotional connection, intuition, and sensitivity to the needs of others are essential. This shift is rooted in the ethics of care, a perspective that views morality as relational and context-bound rather than based on universal, impersonal rules.123

Proponents, such as Nel Noddings, argue that fostering the ability to care for oneself and others is a fundamental educational aim. This approach emerged partly in response to research by Lawrence Kohlberg, which feminist scholars like Carol Gilligan criticized for excluding female experiences and overemphasizing abstract rights at the expense of compassion and interpersonal relationships.2134