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Who wrote the libretto for Tosca?

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Art Nouveau poster by Adolfo Hohenstein for Puccini's opera Tosca, showing a woman in a gold dress standing over a fallen figure, with dramatic red and black background and bold title text. — Tosca Poster by Adolfo Hohenstein for Giacomo Puccini's opera *Tosca*, 1906.

The libretto for the opera Tosca was written by the Italian collaborators Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa.1

In their working process, Illica was responsible for devising the structure and the first draft of the text, while Giacosa was responsible for polishing the work and converting it into verse.1