Which groups raided and traded in Finland after the Viking Age?

Following the Viking Age, Finland became a focal point for competing powers seeking to establish trade influence and religious control. The primary groups involved in raiding, trading, and territorial expansion in the region included:

• Sweden: Seeking to bring Finland into its sphere of influence, Sweden launched several expeditions—often framed as crusades—beginning in the 12th century. These efforts led to the construction of fortresses, the establishment of Swedish settlements, and the eventual integration of Finland into the Swedish realm by 1323.1234
• Denmark: The Danes attempted to establish bases in the Gulf of Finland and reportedly invaded Finnish territories in 1191 and 1202.14
• Novgorod (Russia): The Russian church and state sought to convert and control eastern Finland, particularly Karelia. This led to direct military conflict with Swedish forces, notably in 1240.14
• German Traders: By the late 12th and early 13th centuries, German merchants—later associated with the Hanseatic League—established regular trade contacts in the Baltic region, utilizing Gotland as a major transshipment center to reach Novgorod.145