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Which Mesoamerican civilizations were influenced by Olmec cultural traditions?
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The Olmec civilization, which flourished between approximately 1200 and 400 BCE, is widely considered the foundational culture of Mesoamerica. Its influence was foundational to the development of subsequent Mesoamerican civilizations, including the Maya and the Aztec.12
Between 1100 and 800 BCE, the Olmec established an extensive trading network that facilitated the spread of their cultural traditions across the region. Evidence of this influence is found in several areas:2
- Highland Mexico: Olmec cultural presence, including ceramics and figurines, has been identified at sites in the Valley of Mexico (such as Tlapacoya) and the state of Morelos. The site of Chalcatzingo in Morelos features monumental reliefs carved in the distinct La Venta style.31
- Chiapas and Guatemala: Olmec-style narrative reliefs depicting warriors have been discovered on the Pacific plain of Chiapas and in Guatemala.1
- Guerrero: Significant cave paintings found in Guerrero demonstrate the reach of Olmec artistic traditions.1
- Maya Region: While Olmec culture did not expand into the Maya lowlands as a colonizing force, occasional Olmec artifacts have been recovered from Formative Maya contexts, such as at Seibal in Petén, Guatemala.1