Valley of Mexico

The Valley of Mexico is a highland basin in Mexico, surrounded by mountains and once containing a series of lakes. This region, part of Mesoamerica, has been a significant center for pre-Spanish civilization, with its high valleys and basins playing a crucial role. The Valley of Mexico is characterized by its lacustrine plains, with Mexico City situated at an elevation of approximately 7,350 feet (2,240 meters).12

Historically, the valley was home to indigenous peoples like the Toltec, Chichimec, and Aztec. The Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan, was built on islands in Lake Texcoco, which was one of the five lakes in the Valley of Mexico. Over time, these lakes have been drained for water supply and to reduce flooding, a process that began in the 17th century and was significantly accelerated in the 20th century. This transformation has allowed for urban sprawl, particularly around Mexico City. The region is also known for its volcanic landscape, with peaks like Iztaccihuatl and Popocatépetl.341