What are the three main branches of neoinstitutionalism?

Neoinstitutionalism is a methodological approach that explores how institutional structures, rules, norms, and cultures constrain individual choices and actions within political institutions. There are three main branches of this approach:1

• Rational choice institutionalism: Rooted in economics and organizational theory, this branch views institutions as systems of rules and incentives. It utilizes modeling and game theory to explain political decision-making as actors compete for power.1
• Sociological institutionalism: Drawing from sociology, anthropology, and cultural studies, this stream emphasizes institutional cultures. It treats rules and norms as culturally constructed rather than purely rational, focusing on the role of symbols, myths, and moral templates in establishing organizational legitimacy.1
• Historical institutionalism: This branch assumes that long-term institutional rules and constraints guide political behavior. It is an eclectic approach that blends quantitative analysis with cultural and idea-based perspectives, often utilizing concepts like path dependence to explain real-world political outcomes.1