War Admiral

War Admiral, (foaled 1934), American racehorse (Thoroughbred) who in 1937 became the fourth winner of the American Triple Crown—the Kentucky Derby, the Preakness Stakes, and the Belmont Stakes. His dramatic 1938 race against Seabiscuit, the leading money winner of 1937 and a fan favourite, captured the imagination of Americans during the Great Depression.

Breeding and early years

War Admiral was foaled at Samuel Doyle Riddle’s Faraway Farm near Lexington, Kentucky, in 1934. His dam was Brushup, and his sire was Man o’ War, widely considered the greatest racehorse of the early 20th century. Like his Triple Crown-winning predecessors, War Admiral too was a late bloomer. His brief season as a two-year-old was promising: three wins in six starts and never out of the money. At the end of the year, he was sent to Maryland, first to the Glen Riddle Farm for the winter and then to the Havre de Grace Racetrack in the spring of 1937. He easily won his second race of that year, the 11/16-mile Chesapeake Stakes.

For years, Riddle had been wary of entering any of his horses in the Kentucky Derby. It was his contention that the race, held far from the stomping grounds of high society, was an interloper trying to crack the orbit of renown of the established tracks in the eastern United States. He also felt that the Derby came too early in the year, before a Thoroughbred had developed to his full maturity. These reasons had kept his great Man o’ War from entering the Derby and likely capturing the Triple Crown in 1920. In 1937, however, Riddle decided to let War Admiral take a shot at the Derby and sent him to Churchill Downs late in April to prepare.

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1937 Triple Crown

On May 8 the Kentucky Derby took place in front of approximately 75,000 fans, one of the biggest crowds yet to fill Churchill Downs. A field of 20 horses started, with War Admiral running at 8–5 odds. The race was held up for eight minutes when War Admiral acted up, displaying his aversion to the starting gate. It was a trait that could not be broken throughout his career.

War Admiral shot out from his number one position at the start, with jockey Charley Kurtsinger in the irons, and was in front immediately. He stayed there, wire to wire, and he won by almost two lengths. He came out of the race in excellent shape and was shipped that same night to Baltimore to prepare for the Preakness the following Saturday.

The second leg of the Triple Crown, on May 15, was a race that turned into a duel between War Admiral and Pompoon. The Pimlico track is noted for its sharp turns, and War Admiral went wide on each of them. As they approached the last turn, with Pompoon a length and a half behind but gaining, War Admiral bore out once more, and Pompoon went to the rail and into the lead. The outcome was in doubt to the very end, when War Admiral won by a nose.

There were three weeks to go until the Belmont Stakes on June 5, and both War Admiral and Pompoon were held out of every other race following the Preakness. Once again War Admiral was favoured, at 9–10 odds, and once again he had trouble at the post, breaking out and delaying the start for over eight minutes. A couple of horses made a go at him, but he handled them easily and finished the 11/2 miles completely alone to become the fourth American Triple Crown champion. His time was 1/5 second faster than Man o’ War’s 1920 track record and equaled Handy Mandy’s 1927 American record for the distance. War Admiral was rewarded for his outstanding season by being named Horse of the Year for 1937.

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Match race with Seabiscuit

In the autumn of War Admiral’s Triple Crown year, excitement arose among fans eager for a meeting between War Admiral and Seabiscuit at the Washington Handicap in Laurel, Maryland, on October 30. While War Admiral had been reeling off one victory after another in the three-year-old classics, Seabiscuit had been defying the norm for Thoroughbreds by coming into his own in his fourth year and winning races. The Washington Handicap was marketed as the second “race of the century,” the first one being Sir Barton’s 1920 race with War Admiral’s sire, Man o’ War.

Unfortunately, the weather did not cooperate. Rain began to fall during the week of the race, causing the track to be heavy. The poor conditions interfered with Seabiscuit’s workouts, and the horse was withdrawn. After intense negotiations, another date for their match race was set, for Memorial Day in 1938, but problems again interfered with the race: Seabiscuit’s legs were sore and puffy, causing the race to be called off.

After another round of negotiation, November 1, 1938, was selected as the date of the race. Theirs was the seventh race on the program at the Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore, Maryland. War Admiral was a 1–4 favourite; Seabiscuit’s odds were 22–10. War Admiral won the toss and pole position.

The two Thoroughbreds had distinctly different styles of racing. War Admiral liked to start with a burst of speed, sustain it until the end, and eliminate his opposition early. Seabiscuit, the more phlegmatic of the two, preferred to come from behind, charging down the stretch with a terrific rush, frequently winning races at the wire.

Two false starts kept the spectators on edge. War Admiral broke early first, followed by Seabiscuit. After a successful third start, Seabiscuit’s jockey whipped him hard on his flanks, and he shot out in front with a great burst of speed as he was guided to the rail in front of War Admiral. As they passed the stands, Seabiscuit led by an open length. It was an unexpected development that shocked the crowd, which had come to expect War Admiral to be in front at this stage of the race. Seabiscuit won by four lengths, beating the track record by 1/5 second.

Final years

War Admiral ran once more in 1938, in the Rhode Island Handicap, and once as a five-year-old before he was retired to stud. He was inducted into the National Museum of Racing’s Hall of Fame in 1958 and died the following year.