Uyghur confederacy
Quick Summary
The Uyghurs emerged as a powerful force in Central Asia in 744 CE, replacing the Kök Türks. Their empire, led by a confederation of tribes, engaged in significant diplomatic and trade relations with China. The Uyghurs adopted Manichaeism, which led to increased influence from Sogdians and internal political shifts.1
After their empire collapsed due to a Kyrgyz invasion, Uyghur groups settled in the Turfan region of modern-day Xinjiang. Here, they established a stable kingdom that lasted for four centuries, fostering a rich civilization where Buddhism, Manichaeism, and Christianity coexisted. This kingdom was known for its preserved manuscripts and art, reflecting a complex society.2
During the Mongol conquests, the Uyghurs of Kucha voluntarily submitted to Genghis Khan. Their administrative skills were highly valued, and Uyghur scribes became instrumental in the Mongol Empire's governance. The Uyghur script was adopted by the Mongols and later influenced the Manchus.23
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history of Central AsiaThe Uyghur empireThis new empire comprised many tribes and seems to have been headed by a smaller tribal confederation standing under Uyghur leadership. This federation is referred to in Chinese sources as the Nine Clans (Jiuxing), whereas Islamic sources and the Orhon inscriptions call it…
Read MoreThis new empire comprised many tribes and seems to have been headed by a smaller tribal confederation standing under Uyghur leadership. This federation is referred to in Chinese sources as the Nine Clans (Jiuxing), whereas Islamic sources and the Orhon inscriptions call it…
Read More- history of Central AsiaThe Uyghur kingdom
Fleeing Uyghur groups settled on the Chinese border in what is now Gansu province and in East Turkistan in the Turfan (Tulufan) region, which had been an Uyghur protectorate since the end of the 8th century. Falling back now on the Turfan oases and setting up…
Read MoreFleeing Uyghur groups settled on the Chinese border in what is now Gansu province and in East Turkistan in the Turfan (Tulufan) region, which had been an Uyghur protectorate since the end of the 8th century. Falling back now on the Turfan oases and setting up…
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