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The term "Turanian" refers to members of various peoples who speak Uralic languages. Historically, it was associated with the concept of Pan-Turanianism, a movement from the late 19th and early 20th centuries aiming to unite Turkic, Tatar, and Uralic peoples across Eurasia. This movement was partly based on a now-outdated linguistic theory of a common origin for languages like Turkish, Mongol, and Hungarian. The name "Turan" itself comes from the Persian word for Turkistan. While Pan-Turanianism was never a major force, it was a sidelight to the more prominent Pan-Turkism.12

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