Tourkokratia

Tourkokratia refers to the period of Greek history when Greece was under Ottoman rule, lasting from the fall of Constantinople in 1453 until the Greek War of Independence in 1821. During this time, the Ottoman Empire governed Greece, with the Greek Orthodox Church playing a significant role in preserving Greek culture and language.12

Despite Ottoman rule, a strong sense of Greek national identity, or Hellenism, persisted, fueled by the church and a desire for independence. While the Ottomans established a feudal system, their authority was often nominal in the mountainous regions, where highlanders resisted direct control.13

The desire for independence grew, leading to the War of Greek Independence in 1821. This rebellion, initially sparked by the Philikí Etaireía, eventually resulted in the establishment of an independent Greek kingdom with the intervention of European powers.1