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The Lord of the Rings
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The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Rings Scene from The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring showing the Fellowship members standing together outdoors, facing Elrond, with stone arches and greenery in the background. The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King Ian McKellen as Gandalf smokes a pipe while Elijah Wood as Frodo stands behind him in a warmly lit hobbit home in The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring. Christopher Lee as Saruman in The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring stands in flowing white robes, holding a black staff in a dark, ornate hall. The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King
Understand how the diffraction of light affects how the human eye distinguishes distant objects
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The Lord of the Rings: References & Edit History

Article Contributors

Primary Contributors

  • Gitanjali Roy
    Gitanjali Roy is deputy managing editor, Encyclopaedia Britannica. She has over two decades of editorial experience across digital and broadcast media.
  • Karen Sottosanti
    Karen Sottosanti is a writer and editor who works in educational publishing. 

Article History

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New article added. Feb 20, 2026
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