Tattvachintamani

The Tattvachintamani, meaning "The Jewel of Thought on the Nature of Things," is a foundational text in Indian philosophy, written by Gangesha Upadhyaya in the 13th century. It is the primary work for the Navya-Nyaya school, also known as "New Nyaya," which focuses on the means of knowledge, or pramanas.12

Navya-Nyaya developed an intricate technical vocabulary and logical framework to precisely define terms and concepts. This system analyzes judgmental knowledge into "qualifiers," "qualificandum," and "relatedness," and introduces abstract entities like "qualifierness" and "limiterness". The school's approach to inference, defining it as knowledge caused by the knowledge of a middle term pervaded by a major term, significantly advanced Indian logic. The Tattvachintamani and its subsequent commentaries laid the groundwork for logical analysis used in various fields beyond philosophy.12