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Tammuz is the 10th month of the civil year or the 4th month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar. It typically falls in June or July of the Gregorian calendar. The 17th day of Tammuz marks a minor Jewish observance, the Fast of 17 Tammuz, which begins a three-week mourning period culminating in Tisha b'Av. This fast commemorates several historical calamities, including the breaching of Jerusalem's walls by Nebuchadnezzar II and the breaking of the tablets of the Law by Moses.123

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