Social Theory and Social Structure

work by Merton

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June 17, 2026

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Robert K. Merton's Social Theory and Social Structure is a foundational work in sociology that explores the relationship between societal structures and individual behavior. Merton developed a structural-functional approach, introducing key concepts like "manifest functions" (intended consequences of social patterns) and "latent functions" (unintended consequences).1

The book also delves into the concept of "anomie," a state of normlessness that can arise when societal goals are emphasized without providing adequate means to achieve them. Merton analyzed different adaptations to anomie, ranging from conformity to rebellion, and suggested that this condition can contribute to deviant behavior, crime, and suicide. He also examined social structure in terms of inequalities in power, status, and material privileges, which shape opportunities and alternatives for individuals within a society.23

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Robert K. Merton
In Social Theory and Social Structure (1949; rev. ed. 1968), Merton developed a theory of deviant behaviour based on different types of social adaptation. He defined the interrelationship between social theory and empirical research, advancing a structural-functional approach to the study of society and creating the…
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In Social Theory and Social Structure (1949; rev. ed. 1968), Merton developed a theory of deviant behaviour based on different types of social adaptation. He defined the interrelationship between social theory and empirical research, advancing a structural-functional approach to the study of society and creating the…
Read More