Sīrat Muḥammad rasūl Allāh

The Sīrat Muḥammad rasūl Allāh is a biography of the Prophet Muhammad compiled by Ibn Ishaq and later revised by Ibn Hisham. This work is a crucial source for understanding the Prophet's life, covering his genealogy, birth, the beginning of his mission, his migration to Medina, military campaigns, and death.12

While the Quran offers limited biographical details, the sīrah literature, like Ibn Ishaq's compilation, provides extensive accounts. However, these later accounts, dating from the 8th and 9th centuries, sometimes include miraculous elements or stories adapted from the Bible. Scholars compare various versions to identify early traditions and acknowledge that some details are corroborated by non-Islamic sources from the early Islamic period.23