Shintō: References & Edit History
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Additional Reading
H. Byron Earhart, Japanese Religion: Unity and Diversity, 3rd ed. (1982), examines the formation, development, and interaction of religions. Joseph M. Kitagawa, Religion in Japanese History (1966, reissued 1990), is a widely used survey textbook on Japanese religious background. Studies specifically about Shintō include Naofusa Hirai (Hirai Naofusa), Japanese Shinto (1966), a brief general sketch; Stuart D.B. Picken, Shinto: Japan’s Spiritual Roots (1980), a short introduction to the origins and modern forms of Shintō; D.C. Holtom, The National Faith of Japan (1938, reprinted 1965), strong in history and political philosophy; Tsunetsugu Muraoka, Studies in Shinto Thought (1964, reprinted 1988), a dependable description of Shintō thought by an eminent philologist; Ichirō Hori, Folk Religion in Japan: Continuity and Change (1968, reprinted 1983), a good study on the religious and social background of folk Shintō; and Thomas P. Kasulis, Shinto: The Way Home (2004), a study of Shintō and contemporary Japanese culture by a religionist and comparative philosopher. Robert S. Ellwood, The Feast of Kingship (1973), describes the ancient enthronement ceremonies of Japanese emperors. Editions of the sacred books include W.G. Aston (trans.), Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697, 2 vol. (1896, reissued 2 vol. in 1, 1972), a standard translation into English; and Donald L. Philippi (trans.), Kojiki (1968, reissued 1992), a translation with introduction using contemporary Japanese philological studies.
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- Naofusa Hirai
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Article History
| Type | Description | Contributor | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modified link of Web site: Humanities LibreTexts - Shinto. | Aug 28, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: Humanities LibreTexts - Shinto. | Jun 06, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: Pressbooks at MSL - World Religions: the Spirit Searching - Shintoism. | Feb 16, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: Florida State College at Jacksonville Pressbooks - Shinto Shrines and Festivals. | Nov 14, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: Florida State College at Jacksonville Pressbooks - Shinto Shrines and Festivals. | Nov 14, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: Yale Forum on Religion and Ecology - Shinto. | Oct 28, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: Queensborough Community College - Shintoism. | Jul 29, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: Harvard University - The Pluralism Project - Shintō. | May 09, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: University of California, Berkeley - ORIAS - Architecture and Sacred Spaces in Shinto. | Mar 29, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: Brigham Young University - Religious Studies Center - Shinto. | Feb 15, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: Open Wolf Books - World Religions - Definition and History of Shinto. | Dec 04, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: Ancient Origins - Purification as the Core of the Ancient Shinto Faith. | Oct 13, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: Oklahoma State University Pressbooks - Shinto. | Aug 17, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: Encyclopedia of Japan - Shinto. | Mar 31, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: GlobalSecurity.org - Shinto. | Jan 05, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: Learn Religions - Shinto Worship: Traditions and Practices. | Apr 17, 2022 | ||
| Media revised. | Nov 10, 2020 | ||
| Media added. | Sep 13, 2019 | ||
| Article revised to remove dated phrasing and characterizations. | Oct 31, 2018 | ||
| Add new Web site: World History Encyclopedia - Shinto. | May 25, 2018 | ||
| Bibliography updated. | Mar 05, 2013 | ||
| Add new Web site: United Religions Initiative - Shintoism. | Feb 25, 2013 | ||
| Add new Web site: The Metropolitan Opera - Shinto. | Feb 25, 2013 | ||
| Add new Web site: British Broadcasting Corporation - Shinto. | Apr 15, 2012 | ||
| Add new Web site: Fact Monster - Society - Shinto. | Mar 08, 2012 | ||
| Media added. | Feb 08, 2012 | ||
| Add new Web site: IndiaNetzone - Brahmaputra River. | Aug 02, 2010 | ||
| Added image of a 12th-century sculpture of a Shintō deity. | Apr 26, 2010 | ||
| Media added. | Jan 28, 2009 | ||
| Added new Web site: Indianetzone - Ganges Delta. | Nov 07, 2008 | ||
| Added new Web site: CRW Flags - Flag of Dhaka, Bangladesh. | Jan 14, 2008 | ||
| Added new Web site: Oxford University Computer Society - Shinto. | Jun 06, 2007 | ||
| Added new Web site: Official Site of Kenenisa Bekele. | Jun 06, 2007 | ||
| Added new Web site: Shinto: The Way of the Gods. | Jun 23, 2006 | ||
| Article revised. | Aug 25, 2000 | ||
| Article added to new online database. | Jul 26, 1999 |