Shabbat Ḥazon

Shabbat, meaning "to rest," is a weekly day of holiness and rest observed by Jews from Friday sunset to Saturday nightfall. It commemorates God's rest after creation and serves as a reminder of the covenant with God. Observance involves abstaining from work, including activities like cooking, traveling, and commerce, with the Talmud listing 39 categories of prohibited work. Shabbat is celebrated at home and in the synagogue with candle lighting, festive meals, blessings, and Torah readings. The Sabbath concludes with the Havdala ceremony, distinguishing it from the weekdays.123

Shabbat Chazon, the Sabbath preceding the 9th of Av (Tisha b'Av), is a day of mourning that references Isaiah's prophetic vision of destruction. This period, known as the "Three Weeks," commemorates the breaching and destruction of Jerusalem's walls and the First Temple.45