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September 1, 1939
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September 1, 1939

poem by Auden
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History

September 1, 1939, poem by W.H. Auden, published in the collection Another Time (1940). The poem conveys the poet’s emotional response to the outbreak of World War II. The title of the work refers to the date of the German invasion of Poland, which precipitated the war.

Even though “September 1, 1939” became one of his best-known poems, Auden later criticized the poem for its “incurable dishonesty,” and he revised it several times. He removed the final stanza in 1945 before repudiating the poem entirely by leaving it out of his Collected Shorter Poems (1966).

This article was most recently revised and updated by Kathleen Kuiper.