Sephardi ultra-Orthodox

The term "Sephardi ultra-Orthodox" refers to a segment of ultra-Orthodox Judaism that adheres strictly to Jewish law and separates itself from non-Jewish society and less observant Jews. Historically, Sephardi Jews are descendants of Jews who lived in Spain and Portugal before their expulsion in the late 15th century. While the terms Ashkenazi and Sephardi originally denoted Jews from Germany and Spain/Portugal respectively, in Israel they often distinguish between those of northern European and Middle Eastern origin.12

Sephardi ultra-Orthodox communities, like other ultra-Orthodox groups, are often referred to as Haredim, meaning "those who tremble" in the presence of God. They typically reject Zionism in principle, though their political engagement varies. In Israel, the Sephardi ultra-Orthodox are represented by the political party Shas, which appeals to socio-economic grievances alongside religious observance. These communities are characterized by high birth rates and strong family orientation, with their own synagogues and schools.13