Senate
Quick Summary
Malaysia operates as a federal constitutional monarchy with a bicameral legislature. The Senate (Dewan Negara) serves as the upper house, comprising approximately 70 members. A majority of these senators are appointed by the paramount ruler on the prime minister's recommendation, while the rest are elected by state legislative assemblies. The House of Representatives (Dewan Rakyat) is the lower house, with about 222 members elected from single-member constituencies for five-year terms. The paramount ruler, elected from among hereditary rulers, serves as the ceremonial head of state, and the prime minister, chosen from the House of Representatives, leads the government.12
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