Saeima

The Saeima is the parliament of Latvia, a unitary multiparty republic. It is a unicameral legislative body consisting of 100 members who are elected for four-year terms. The Latvian constitution, originally established in 1922, was restored after the country declared independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.12

Latvia's path to independence was complex. Following the Russian Revolution, Latvia proclaimed independence on November 18, 1918. However, the early years saw conflicts with Soviet forces and German troops aiming to establish control. Despite these challenges, Latvia secured its independence, signing a peace treaty with the Soviet government in 1920. The constitution of 1922 established a republic with a president and the Saeima. Although a period of economic growth occurred, political instability led to an authoritarian rule in 1934, with the Saeima dissolved. After regaining independence in 1991, the 1922 constitution was reinstated, with the president playing a largely ceremonial role and the prime minister leading the government, responsible to the Saeima.32