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The Responsa were a collection of 19 books by the Roman jurist Papinian (140–212 CE). Papinian was a highly respected legal authority in Roman law, serving under Emperor Septimius Severus. His Responsa, along with his Quaestiones, were significant works that later formed the basis of legal education for third-year students, known as Papinianistae. The Law of Citations in 426 CE made Papinian's writings predominant among the authoritative Classical jurists. These legal opinions, or responsa prudentium, were answers given by learned lawyers to legal questions, contributing to the development of Roman law.12

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