Puteaux group

The "Puteaux group," more accurately known as the Section d'Or, was a Paris-based association of Cubist painters active from 1912 to 1914. The group's name, suggested by painter Jacques Villon, referenced the golden section, reflecting the artists' interest in geometric proportions, though only Villon and Juan Gris directly applied these concepts. Key members included Robert Delaunay, Marcel Duchamp, Raymond Duchamp-Villon, Albert Gleizes, Juan Gris, Roger de La Fresnaye, Fernand Léger, André Lhote, Louis Marcoussis, Jean Metzinger, Francis Picabia, and André Dunoyer de Segonzac. They exhibited together in 1912 and published a magazine. World War I brought an end to the group's activities. Raymond Duchamp-Villon, a sculptor and brother of Jacques and Marcel, was a pioneer in applying Cubist principles to sculpture.12