Protocol I

Protocol I, adopted in 1977, is an addition to the Geneva Conventions of 1949. It extends the protections of the Geneva and Hague conventions to individuals engaged in wars of self-determination, redefining these as international conflicts. This protocol also establishes mechanisms for investigating alleged breaches of the conventions.1

The Geneva Conventions themselves are a series of international treaties aimed at mitigating the effects of war on both soldiers and civilians. The initial convention was established in 1864, with subsequent amendments and additions, including the four conventions of 1949 and the two protocols of 1977. These laws of war, or jus in bello, apply regardless of the cause of the conflict, ensuring that combatants from all sides are afforded the same rights.1234