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Proto-Romance is the ancestral language from which the Romance languages, such as French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and Romanian, developed. It is essentially Vulgar Latin, the spoken form of Latin used by ordinary people in the Roman Empire.12

The Romance languages are a subgroup of the Italic branch of the Indo-European language family. While they share a common origin in Latin, they have evolved over centuries, influenced by various factors including pre-Romance borrowings from languages like Celtic and Greek, as well as later borrowings from scholarly Latin and Germanic languages. This evolution has led to distinct phonological, grammatical, and vocabulary differences among the modern Romance languages.234567

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