Preface to Shakespeare

The "Preface to Shakespeare" is a significant work of literary criticism by Samuel Johnson, published in 1765 as part of his edition of William Shakespeare's plays. In this preface, Johnson defends Shakespeare against criticisms that he did not adhere to classical dramatic rules, such as the unities of time, place, and action. Johnson argued that Shakespeare's plays, while not strictly following these rules, held up a "faithful mirror of manners and of life," reflecting "general nature" common to all humanity. He also defended Shakespeare's use of tragicomedy and his portrayal of characters as complex individuals rather than mere types. Johnson's preface is considered a landmark in Shakespearean criticism, shifting the focus from rigid adherence to classical forms to an appreciation of Shakespeare's naturalism and universality.1