Post-Harappan Period

The Post-Harappan Period, also known as the decline of the Indus civilization, occurred between approximately 2000 and 1750 BCE. This era marked the end of the urban system and distinct urban traits like the use of writing and seals. The reasons for this decline are not fully understood but likely involved a combination of factors such as environmental changes, natural disasters, epidemics, and potential pressure from Indo-Aryan groups entering the region.12

While the great cities like Mohenjo-daro and Harappa saw a decline, cultural continuity persisted in southern India. In the Indus valley, the civilization was succeeded by less complex cultures, with urban civilization absent in the region for centuries. However, in areas like Kathiawar, a cultural bridge existed between the late Indus phase and later Iron Age civilizations.1