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Petrine theory
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Perugino: Handing Over of the Keys Infographic featuring a central illustration of a pope, surrounded by labeled facts such as the total number of popes, most common papal names, oldest and youngest elected, longest and shortest reigns, number of popes made saints, official titles, and origins by country. Pope Francis: A Life in Pictures Christ and his Apostles Peter and Paul A pyramid diagram illustrating the hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church, with levels from top to bottom: Pope, Cardinals, Archbishops, Bishops, Priests, Deacons, and Laypeople and Consecrated Religious, each with a brief description of their roles. The First Vatican Council Andrea Sacchi: Christ's Command to St. Peter, “Feed My Sheep!” (“Pasce Oves Mea”)
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Petrine theory: References & Edit History

Article Contributors

Primary Contributors

  • Massimo Faggioli
    Dr. Massimo Faggioli is a full professor in the Department of Theology and Religious Studies at Villanova University (Philadelphia).

Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors

Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Media added. May 02, 2025
Pope Francis papacy end date noted. Apr 21, 2025
Article thoroughly updated and revised. May 14, 2024
Added media. Mar 28, 2024
Added image of a German ivory relief showing Christ presenting the keys of the kingdom of heaven to St. Peter and the law to St. Paul, 1150–1200. Oct 01, 2010
Article added to new online database. Jul 20, 1998
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